March is not only a time for the first glimpses of spring but also a month dedicated to raising awareness about colorectal cancer. This disease, which affects the colon or rectum, is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in both men and women in the United States. Its now the #1 cancer killer among men under 50 and #2 for women under 50, just behind breast cancer, according to a recent ACS report. While the statistics may sound daunting, the good news is that colon cancer is highly preventable and treatable, especially when caught early. So, let’s delve into what colon cancer is, who is more susceptible to it, and how we can take proactive steps to prevent and detect it.
First things first, what exactly is colorectal cancer? Well, simply put, it’s cancer that starts in the colon or rectum. The colon is part of the digestive system, responsible for processing food and extracting nutrients, while the rectum is the end of the colon where stool is stored before it passes out of the body. When abnormal cells in these areas grow out of control, they can form tumors, leading to colon cancer.
Now, let’s talk about who is more likely to develop colorectal cancer. While anyone can get it, certain factors can increase your risk:
- Age: Colorectal cancer is more common in people over the age of 50. However, recent studies have shown an increase in cases among younger individuals, making it important for everyone to be aware, regardless of age.
- Family History: If you have a close relative, like a parent or sibling, who has had colorectal cancer, your risk increases. Additionally, certain genetic syndromes can predispose individuals to colorectal cancer.
- Sex/Race: Colorectal cancer is more common in men than in women. It is also more common among African Americans than people of other races.
- Lifestyle Factors: Poor diet, lack of exercise, obesity, smoking, and heavy alcohol consumption can all contribute to a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer.
Prevention is Key:
Now, onto the good news! There are several steps you can take to lower your risk of colorectal cancer:
- Healthy Eating: Load up on fruits, vegetables, and whole grains while limiting red and processed meats. A diet high in fiber and low in fat can help keep your colon healthy.
- Regular Exercise: Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity most days of the week. Exercise not only helps maintain a healthy weight but also promotes overall wellness.
- Moderate Alcohol Consumption: If you drink alcohol, do so in moderation. Limiting alcohol intake can reduce your risk of developing colorectal cancer.
- Quit Smoking: Smoking has been linked to an increased risk of colorectal cancer, among many other health issues. Seek support and resources to quit smoking if you’re a smoker.
Testing and Early Detection:
While prevention is crucial, so is early detection. Regular screening, beginning at age 45, is the key to preventing colorectal cancer and finding it early. However, you may need to be tested earlier than 45, or more frequently than other people, if you have certain conditions or a family history of colorectal cancer or polyps.
Here are some screening options:
- Colonoscopy: This is considered the gold standard for colon cancer screening. During a colonoscopy, a doctor examines the entire colon and rectum using a flexible tube with a camera attached. If polyps (abnormal growths) are found, they can be removed during the procedure before they have a chance to develop into cancer. For people with “average” risk, this should be done every 10 years.
- Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT): This test checks for hidden blood in the stool, which can be a sign of colon cancer. While it’s less invasive than a colonoscopy, it should be done regularly as part of routine screening. These are also known as “at home screening tests” such as Cologuard and FIT. For people with “average” risk FIT should be done annually and Colorguard every 3 years.
The Importance of Early Detection:
Early detection of colorectal cancer can significantly improve treatment outcomes and increase the chances of survival. When detected at an early stage, the five-year survival rate for colon cancer is over 90%. Unfortunately, many cases are not diagnosed until later stages when the cancer has spread, making treatment more challenging. This is why routine screening is essential, especially for individuals at higher risk.
I’ll share that in the past 5 years, I know 3 Caucasian women, all around 50 years old that were diagnosed with colon cancer and only found out through testing. None had any symptoms. They were all found at different stages and I’m happy to share that all are in remission and healthy today! Sadly, this can happen to anyone. Get tested! Most US-based health insurance plans fully cover screenings for colorectal cancer. Even insurance companies, incentivize early detection. It’s cheaper than treatment at later stages.
As we observe Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month this March, let’s prioritize our health by taking proactive steps to prevent and detect this disease. By making healthy lifestyle choices, understanding our risk factors, and participating in regular screening, we can reduce the burden of colorectal cancer on ourselves and our loved ones. Remember, knowledge is power, and early detection saves lives. So, let’s spread awareness, encourage screenings, and work towards a future where colorectal cancer is no longer a threat.